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Finnish
| suomi | /ˈsuo̯mi/ | n. | Finnish, Finland |
Greetings
| moi | /moi̯/ | interj. | hi, bye |
| kiitos | /ˈkiːtos/ | interj./n. | thanks |
subject + linking verb + predicative
Finnish have subject + linking verb + predicative structure which is quite similar to English.
olet, olen
| sinä | /ˈsinæ/ | pron. | you |
| olet | /ˈolet/ | v. | (you) are |
| kiva | /ˈkiʋɑ/ | adj. | nice |
Sinä olet kiva. (You are nice.)
| minä | /ˈminæ/ | pron. | I |
| olen | /ˈolen/ | v. | (I) am |
| kissa | /ˈkisːɑ/ | n. | cat |
Minä olen kissa. (I am a cat.)
Take note there's no article in Finnish. Kissa could refer cat, a cat, or the cat.
The subject is unnecessary unless you aim to emphasize it, which means the two sentences above can be written as:
Olet kiva. (You are nice.)
Olen kissa. (I am a cat.)
on
For third person singular, the linking verb is “on”.
| hän | /hæn/ | pron. | he / she (singular) |
| se | /se/ | pron. | it |
| on | /on/ | v. | is |
| siisti | /ˈsiːsti/ | adj. | awesome |
| leipä | /ˈlei̯pæ/ | n. | bread |
| maukas | /ˈmɑu̯kɑs/ | adj. | tasty |
| söpö | /ˈsöpø/ | adj. | cute |
Hän on kiva. (He/She is nice.)
Se on siisti. (It is awesome.)
Leipä on maukas. (Bread is tasty.)
Kissa on söpö. (Cat is cute.)
Since “on” means “is” only, the subject cannot be ignored.